Research conducted by the Annenberg Public Policy Center has found that the Motion Picture Association of America’s (MPAA’s) rating system increasingly has assigned violent content to the PG-13 rating category. The PG-13 category was established in 1984 to warn parents about content in PG films that might not be appropriate for a child under 13. Instead of shielding young people from such content however, the research found that some content that previously would have received a restrictive R-rating is now assigned a PG-13 rating.